For information on recovering a TDE enabled database when the user does not have various combinations of the master key password, a backup of the master database, backups of the certificate and private key, password for the private key, or password to decrypt master database, see https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/sql-server-support-blog/recover-tde-databases-in-disaster-recover-steps-for-3-common/ba-p/2963600.